1 teaspoon baking powder = 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar

1 cup sifted cake flour = 7/8 cup sifted all-purpose flour or 1 cup all-purpose flour minus 1-2 tablespoons

1 cup self-rising flour = 1 cup sifted all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt

1 cup all-purpose flour = 1 cup whole wheat flour

1 cup honey = 1 to 1  1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid

2 large eggs = 3 small eggs

1 medium egg = 2 egg yolks plus 1 tablespoon water (for baking)

1 medium egg = 2 egg yolks (in custards or cream fillings)

1 ounce unsweetened chocolate = 1 square or 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1 tablespoon butter or margarine

6 squares or 6 ounces semisweet chocolate, melted = 1 cup semisweet chocolate chips, melted

1 tablespoon cornstarch (as thickening) = 2 tablespoons flour or 2 teaspoons quick tapioca or 2 egg yolks

1 teaspoon lemon juice = 1/2 teaspoon vinegar

1 tablespoon fresh herbs = 1/2 to 1 teaspoon dried herbs

1 small garlic clove = 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder

1 pound fresh mushrooms = 3 ounces dried or 6 ounces canned

1 cup whipping cream, whipped = 2 cups thawed whipped topping

1 cup whipping cream as liquid = 1/3 cup melted butter plus 3/4 cup milk

1 cup light cream = 3 tablespoons melted butter plus 3/4 cup milk

1 cup ricotta cheese = 1 cup cottage cheese, liquid drained

1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup plain yogurt, stirred, or 1 tablespoon lemon juice stirred into milk to make 1 cup; let stand 5 minutes to make soured milk for baking only (never use sour milk that's been in the fridge too long; it's actually spoiled)

1 cup whole milk = 2 teaspoons melted butter plus 1 cup fat-free milk (or water) or equal parts evaporated milk and water or 1 cup nonfat dry milk plus 2 teaspoons melted butter

1 cup sour cream = 3 tablespoons melted butter stirred into 7/8 cup buttermilk, soured milk or plain yogurt

1 cup sour cream = 1 cup plain yogurt (but it will taste less rich from the missing fat)

Pecans = walnuts, almonds or hazelnuts

Chunky peanut butter = creamy peanut butter (or grind roasted peanuts in a blender with a little peanut oil)

1 cup bread crumbs = 3/4 cup cracker crumbs

1 cup butter = 1 cup margarine or 7/8 cup vegetable oil or 7/8 cup butter-flavored shortening

1 pound lard = 2 cups shortening

1 cup sugar (in baking bread) = 1 cup honey plus a pinch of baking soda

1 cup sugar (in baking) = 7/8 cup honey plus a pinch of baking soda

1 cup sugar (in main dishes) = 3/4 cup honey

1 cup brown sugar = 1 cup white sugar plus 2 tablespoons molasses

1 cup molasses (in baking) = 1 cup sugar (omit baking soda; use baking powder)

1/2 cup dry red wine or white wine = 2 tablespoons sherry or port

3/4 cup maple syrup = 3/4 cup maple-flavored syrup, corn syrup or 1 cup sugar and increase liquid in recipe by 3 tablespoons

1 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice = 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon

1 pound tomatoes = 3 medium or 3/4 cup sauce (6 ounces) or 1/4 cup paste (2 ounces)

8 ounces tomato sauce = 2/3 cup water plus 1/3 cup tomato paste

3 cups tomato juice = 2  1/2 cups water plus 6 ounces tomato paste plus 3/4 teaspoon salt, dash of sugar

1 large marshmallow = 10 mini (dust off cornstarch from their surfaces or it might overload a recipe)

1 cup granulated sugar = 1  3/4 cups powdered sugar for uses other than baking

1/4 teaspoon powdered ginger = 1 teaspoon chopped fresh or 2 teaspoon minced crystallized

1 head fresh dill = 2 teaspoons dill seed

1 tablespoon grated fresh horseradish = 2 tablespoons bottled

1 teaspoon lemon juice = 1/2 teaspoon vinegar

1 teaspoon dry mustard = 1 tablespoon prepared mustard or 1/2 teaspoon mustard seeds

1/4 cup rum = 1 teaspoon rum extract plus liquid to make 1/4 cup

1 teaspoon vanilla extract = 1 inch vanilla bean, split and simmered in liquid of recipe

1 cup wine = 13 tablespoons water, 3 tablespoons lemon juice and 1 tablespoon sugar or a little less than 1 cup apple juice plus lemon juice

1 cup dry bread crumbs = 3 to 4 slices bread, torn and blenderized

1 cup sweetened condensed milk = 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons dry milk powder plus 1/2 cup warm water plus 3/4 cup sugar and dissolve

1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar = 1  1/2 teaspoons lemon juice or vinegar

1 tablespoon maple sugar = 1 tablespoon granulated sugar plus a dash of maple extract